Wednesday, December 11, 2013

LAD #21

Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

  • his wealth was based mostly on steel and iron for railroads and railways
  • also based on his ambition
    • believed that the rich had a responsibility to give back to the community
    • said that there were three ways to give wealth back
      • give it to your relatives after you are dead
      • leave it to a charity foundation/organization in your will
      • give it away to society during your lifetime
    • believed the third option was the best, so he supported death taxes 
      • the government takes a large share of your estate after you die to encourage you to give away the money before death


    LAD #16: Federick Douglass 5th of July

    What's so important about the 5th of July?

    • Federick Douglass was brought to Rochester
      • gave a speech about the celebration of Independence Day
    • colored people of the U.S were not included in the 4th of July celebrations
      • could not enjoy the
        • liberties
        • prosperity
        • independence
    • Douglass said that the 4th of July was only for the whites, called it a mockery
      • said it mocks the black because they are subordinated by the whites celebrate equality /independence on this day
    • He denounces slavery as the greatest sin in America
      • in the name of
        • humanity
        • the Bible
        • and the Constitution
    • Douglass hopes the America will eventually outlaw slavery because of it's democratic principles found in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution


    LAD #15: Gettysburg Address

    Four Score and Seven Years Ago... what happened?
    • meant to reinvigorate the North’s devotion to the war effort after a hard-earned victory at the Battle of Gettysburg
    • Said that not only do the living need to dedicate themselves to the nation, but they also need to dedicate themselves to the cause for which men died
      • wants to make sure that those men do not die for nothing
    • Ends by saying he will make sure that the nation is restored to "freedom, government by the people, for the people shall not perish from the Earth."

    LAD #14: Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

    Lincoln's First Inaugural Address... Summarized
    • begins by saying that many people in the south might feel their property threatened
      • especially the slave owners
      • because of a rising Republican President (Lincoln himself)
    • saying that he's not going to alter the current state of slaves
      • promises that he and his party have made a resolution that supports not interfering in the domestic affairs of the southern states
    • says that a part of the Constitution states that if a slave goes into a free territory he is still a slave and will be returned to his master
      • says that as long as the law remains, Lincoln will protect it as part of the constitution
    • one of his concerns is that an attempt to breakup the union is at hand, a greater problem the U.S. is facing

      • states that no government has ever legally carried out its own termination, so any actions against the union are illegal
      •  if the constitution is to be viewed as a simple contract between the states, then it should take all the states to dissolve the union
        • implies not only a few should have enough power to dissolve the union
      • believes that the union should be more important than the constitution because it existed before the constitution
      • reveals that he will defend the union until all the people of the union no longer support the attempts to dissolve it
      • reminds the southerners that they don't need to have a revolution because none of their constitutional rights have been violated
      • tells the people  that the only way to change the government is to do so through the amending process
    • ends by saying that conflict will only arise if the southern people act as the aggressors

    Monday, December 9, 2013

    LAD #13: Calhoun

    John Calhoun's Speech...Summarized
    • says that slavery will end up in disunion
    • says that he called upon the political parties to approach this, but it was not successful
    • says that the union is being threatened and harmed
      •  all of these show the imbalance that will result in the house and Senate
      • discontent among all the southern states
        • caused by the agitation of the slavery question
        • this leads to the southern belief that they couldn't safely/honorably, remain in the Union
        • North was going to gain 5 free states whereas the south got 0 slave states in the same time frame
        • North also attracted many of the immigrants that came to the U.S because it was easier to find jobs in the North than the South
        • Calhoun thinks that the tariffs further divide the North and South since they favor the North
    • Calhoun says that he is afraid that all of the above reasons will lead to sectionalism, and that the South will be forced into abolition or will secede
    • Calhoun said that the only way to fix the southern discontent was by doing justice, and satisfying the South
      • giving the south equal representation and territory
        • will keep the fundamental social and economic structure of slavery

    LAD #12: Polk

    Polk's War Message
    •  The beginning of Polk's message says that the relationship between U.S and Mexico has come to a point where it needs to be brought to the attention of Congress
      • John Slidell of Louisiana was sent to Mexico to discuss the Texas boundary and the killing of the U.S citizens on American land
        • The Mexican government refused to see or listen to his ideas
      • Originally, Slidell was supposed to be received by authorities in Mexico under government of General Herrera, who would have gladly negotiated with Slidell
        • Herrera's government was overthrown, and the revolutionary party that overthrew Herrera was not willing to denounced diplomacy with the U.S.
      • Under direction from Polk, Slidell after failing to negotiate at all, came home
    • put military forces between the Neuces and Norte Rivers
      • protect U.S citizens from an invasion of Texas by Mexico
      • General Arista, who had taken control of the Mexican Army said they thought the U.S was being hostile, and attacked the U.S troops, resulting in 16 American casualties
    • Polk said that Mexico had 'wronged U.S citizens' and did not want peace
      • Polk said that if the U.S had been more aggressive while dealing with Mexico earlier, then they could have escaped the later conflicts
    • Polk said that the U.S. needed to declare war
      • Reasons:     Mexico...
        • declared war to regain Texas
        • killed U.S Citizens
        • violated American rights

    Tuesday, November 12, 2013

    LAD#11

    The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions


    • created at the Seneca Falls Conference for women's rights on July 19, 1948
    • followed the pattern of the American Declaration of Independence
    • women at the conference began by substituting "men and women" in for just "men" into the famous first line of the Declaration of Independence, saying that both men and women are equal
    • similarly to the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions offers a list of grievances women have against men and the current government
      • One of the most common themes in the grievances is that women have been denied the right to vote, which ought to be an inalienable right for all people
      • women argue that they have been denied domestic rights and are forced to be inferior to men in a marriage
    • In the Resolutions part, it starts off saying that there are no valid reasons for the mistreatment of women. It goes on to lists resolutions that would help fix the mistreatment of women.
      • men and women should be held to the same social etiquette, securing their right to vote, making sure that women are not content with their position in society, and equal opportunity for getting the same jobs as men. 


    Tuesday, October 29, 2013

    LAD #10 Monroe Doctrine

    Monroe Doctrine
        Basically, the Monroe Doctrine basically defines American foreign policy and states that America will stay out of European affairs, but if Europe tries to colonize or influence the American continents, it will be seen as a threat to American national security, and the U.S. will respond accordingly. 

         In the introduction of Monroe's message, he says that upon talks with Russia and Britain the time is right to establish that the in matters of European colonization involving U.S interests, the U.S is to maintain as "free and independent". 
         Monroe says that Spain and Portugal were trying to improve the lives of the people in their colonized nations, but the result the U.S anticipated was very different. Monroe says the U.S has always been "anxious and interested spectators", but stayed out of war involving European conflicts and interests, except when our rights are hindered. Monroe then says that the U.S owes some of the countries happiness, wisdom, and devotion is owed to relations between them and the U.S. However, if any of the powers try to colonize part of the newly independent Western Americas, then the U.S will see it as a threat to their peace and safety. The U.S will not interfere with colonies that are still under European control.The Latin American's independence shows that Europe is unsettled. Despite this, the policy of the U.S will remain the same, which is to not interfere with the internal concerns of European nations, and to "preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none."
         He concludes by re-iterating that the U.S do not want powers in Latin America that would be a potential threat to the U.S. He hopes that the European nations will leave the newly independent nations alone, like the U.S.
       

    Monday, October 14, 2013

    Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villian?

    Christopher Columbus went back to spain with wealth and glory for discovering the new world, but was he really a hero?
    He can be viewed in both ways, but the evidence seems to lean to him being a villian rather than a hero. Here's why.
    He...
    • didn't really discover it, there were already people living there
    • actually set out to find India
    • misjudged the inhabitants as Indians
    • called them simple, said they lacked religion
    • set the stage for genocide
    • brought and enslaved people
    • brought disease from Spain
    • got other people started on exploring and finding new lands
      • led to the killing of the aztecs and the incas


    Tuesday, October 8, 2013

    LAD #9

    Summary of Jefferson's first inaugural address (1801)
    • thanks the people for voting for him
    • he says that it's more than he's qualified for
    • american people should unite behind him and the will of the majority
      • even though people have differences, it's good as long as we stick to the same principles and do what we do for the good of the United States.
    • US should focus on domestic issues
    • a good government will protect the rights and safety of the people while still giving them freedom to control the economy and other aspects of society
    • he lists his basic beliefs that will shape his administration's policies
      • Equality
      • Justice
      • Neutrality
      • peace with all nations without alliances
      • people retain rights to vote
      • decisions will be based on will of majority
      • America will pay off debts
    • Jefferson closes by saying that he believes that he is prepared for the Presidency because of his previous political experience
    • He will do the best job possible in order to lead the United States successfully.

    Sunday, September 22, 2013

    Republican Motherhood

    Republican Motherhood
    1. What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood?
    • women refused to be under the tyrannical government of Britain
    • wanted to keep memory of why they fought the revolution in the first place
    • wanted to teach their children about government
    • (DOC C)

    2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?
    • pressure
    • had more jobs
    • could be blamed for the downfall of American society
    • (DOC D)
    3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women’s socialization?
    • women became important outside of their homes
    • had to make social life more elegant by being charming
    • (DOC D)
    • led to development of women being greater contributors to our society
    1. Describe the setting
    • on a couch
    • art on wall
    • mother and two children
    2. Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? how does the woman look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?
    • The mother is at the center
    • she is responsible for the children
    • the mother has a greater influence on her children's lives because of republican motherhood
    • she is not dressed as much, because that would look more aristocratic
    3. What values do her sons exhibit?
    • one son is dressed plainly, while the other one is dressed like an aristocrat
    • the son who looks more republican-like is pointing at the aristocratic son, which might show superiority or accusation
    4. Is there a significance of the position of Mrs. Tilgham's arm?
    • Her arms seem to be caring for the republican-like son rather than the aristocratic one
    • this might show that she is protecting her son from the other one


    Tuesday, September 17, 2013

    Blog #4- "Rethinking the Revolution"

    "Rethinking the Revolution"-5 things I learned
    1. Washington revised or left out certain parts of his role in the French and Indian War that he didn't want people to know about.
    2. even though The paintings of the American Revolution have wartime feelings and themes, none have actually depicted a battle scene.
    3. There was also internal fighting within the groups- the Loyalists, Tories, Whigs, and others often fought between each other (especially in the South).
    4. When comparing the population and number deaths of Americans during the Revolution and the Civil War, a higher percentage of people actually dies during the Revolutionary War.
    5. Within a decade of the American Revolution, almost every member of its generation had died. This explains how the next generation saw each war in different lights, both are technically fought for Democracy.

    Sunday, September 15, 2013

    LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

    Summarize the Declaration of Independence in 3 parts: 1. Democratic principles, 2. List a handful of grievances, and 3. The conclusion.

    1. Democratic principles
    • life
    • liberty
    • the pursuit of happiness
    • the right to overthrow a corrupt government
     2. Grievances
    • King George III repeatedly put down many representative houses for opposing his policies
    • he also forcefully quartered soldiers upon the colonists
    • he also cut off trade
    3. Conclusions
    • denounced English government
    • declared that colonists are allowed to declare war, negotiate peace, trade, etc
    • declared that they were free colonists

    Sunday, September 8, 2013

    LAD # 2: The Zenger Trial

    1. Who was John Peter Zenger?

    • German, moved to New York in 1710 to apprentice for William Bradford
    • began to publish a newspaper to voice opposition to colonial governor William Cosby
     2. What was the controversy over his charges?
    • when he was charged with seditious libel for writing many defamatory things about the governor, he was put on trial
    • during the trial, the prosecution said that the reason why he should be convicted was because he decided to publish those defamatory stories
    • this challenges the freedom of speech, which is why it's controversial
    • Zenger's lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, said that because the stories were true, it was not libel
    • "Hamilton established the precedent that a statement, even if defamatory, is not libelous if it can be proved, thus affirming freedom of the press in America." (http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/bookmarks/zenger/)
    3. What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition?
    • affirmed freedom of the press
    • " set a precedent against judicial tyranny in libel suits." (http://historybuff.com/library/refzenger.html)
    4. What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain.

  • set many precedents
  • let people speak/publish without fear of being prosecuted
  • changed the colonies by letting people publish their opinions